Atualizado em junho 1, 2023 por Ecologica Vida
At this year’s UN climate summit, world leaders made appearances, corporate executives made proposals, and almost 200 countries bargained over the future of the planet. The conclusions of the two-week COP27 meeting in Egypt are listed below:
COP27 Agrees That on a Fund For “Climate Justice”
After years of opposition from wealthy governments, nations finally decided to establish a fund to compensate developing nations for “loss and damage” brought on by storms, floods, droughts, and wildfires that are caused by climate change.
Provavelmente, serão necessários vários anos para definir os pormenores do funcionamento do fundo. Isto incluirá a forma como o dinheiro será distribuído e quais as nações que poderão ser elegíveis. Apesar disso, foi considerado por alguns como o maior êxito desde o Acordo de Paris na COP 2015.
O combustível fóssil ainda está a fluir
O acordo final da COP27 tem sido criticado por não fazer o suficiente para reduzir as emissões que prejudicam o clima. O acordo inclui a definição de objectivos nacionais mais ambiciosos e a redução da dependência de combustíveis fósseis como o carvão, o petróleo e o gás natural.
United Arab Emirates President Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan – host of next year’s COP28 climate summit – declared his nation would continue to supply oil and gas “for as long as the world is in need”.
There was a sharp U-turn on the language around fossil fuels at this year’s summit. There is now a mention of “low emission and renewable energy” in the agreement text. Given that gas emits fewer emissions than coal, this is thought to be a substantial loophole that could enable the development of further gas resources.
Nos próximos 5 anos, existe uma possibilidade 50% de we will pass the 1.5ºC temperature threshold relative to pre-industrial times. By 2031, we’ll probably have permanently surpassed it. This is a grande problema para a humanidade e o planeta.
But at COP27, the EU and other developed nations were attempting to keep the 1.5ºC commitment alive. Their efforts were ultimately in vain because the final agreement language omitted a mention of the phase-out of all fossil fuels. This was considered to be the next logical step on the decision to phase-down the usage of coal at COP26.
Faith in the 1.5ºC threshold has also become a key difference between the US, EU, other developed nations, and China, which is markedly less concerned about the goal. It is hoped that the next climate summit COP28 will finally see the phasing out of fossil fuels that we so desperately need.
A COP27 prevê grandes anúncios do Brasil
Crowds cheered as Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva proclaimed that “Brazil is back” in the global climate fight. He promised that the Amazon region would play home to COP30 in 2025. This was the leftist leader’s first international visit since defeating right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro in the country’s presidential election last month. Bolsonaro presided over the ongoing destruction of the Amazon rainforest and refused to host the 2019 climate summit that was originally scheduled for Brazil.
On Monday, Brazil also launched a partnership to work together on forest preservation, joining Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in doing so. The trilateral partnership was created during ten years of intermittent discussions that persisted even as the countries’ national forest policies and leaderships changed. They are expected to press wealthy nations to pay for the protection of forests.
Reacendimento das relações entre os EUA e a China
Longe do Egipto, teve lugar um precursor crucial do acordo sobre o clima. Enquanto a COP27 iniciava a sua segunda semana, os Presidentes Xi Jinping da China e Joe Biden dos Estados Unidos reuniram-se na Indonésia para o G20. Os dois países decidiram retomar a sua colaboração no domínio das alterações climáticas após uma longa pausa provocada pelas tensões sobre Taiwan. Trata-se de um desenvolvimento importante, uma vez que a China e os EUA são os dois maiores emissores de gases com efeito de estufa a nível mundial.
Um apelo desesperado de Tuvalu à COP27
Na semana passada, Simon Kofe, o presidente da nação insular do Pacífico Tuvalu enviou uma mensagem importante para a cimeira do clima COP27. Kofe é conhecido por enviar mensagens com impacto. Durante a COP26, dirigiu-se à conferência estar na água até ao joelho. A razão para estas mensagens algo dramáticas é que Tuvalu já está a sofrer consequências ambientais extremas. A ilha está a sofrer simultaneamente de seca e de subida do nível do mar. Durante a sua mensagem na COP27, Kofe propôs um plano para carregar Tuvalu para o metaverso to preserve it. His message was clear, if we don’t take drastic climate action now, Tuvalu will be one of the first but not the last countries to face climate catastrophe.
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